APPRAISE PERFORMANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

APPRAISE PERFORMANCE - Essay Example When only one person is involved in the process, the risks of low objectivity and errors may compromise the delivery of good appraisal report. When many people are involved, these risks are spread out and accuracy is consequently increased. According to Jackson and Mathis (349), there are several errors that may arise in the process of performance appraisal, where the rating system is subjected to flaws. Some of these errors include application of varying errors, recency and primary effects, central tendency as well as stringency. The author explains that the effects of these errors to the final report are usually biased information on the performance of the employee. A more comprehensive report is obtained by use of different modes to avoid these errors as much as possible. Perhaps, understanding the nature of the type of appraisal done by each of the above stated individuals could bring the topic of appraisal near to clarity. An appraisal done by managers on their juniors is a common mode of carrying out performance evaluation. Despite there being a general reluctance from the managers to carry out routine appraisals on their juniors, it is still the most appropriate mode for many organizations. One of the reasons why managers heavily criticize this type of appraisal is due to the fact observed above in that one person inadequacy still affects them. Alternatively, managers are employed by organizations to instill improvement through coaching, encouragement, guidance as well as motivation but rarely acting as a judge. Proactive managers always look for ways to improve performance and common notions surrounding the appraisal principle tend to confuse them (Jackson and Mathis, 352). Once completed, managers’ or supervisors’ appraisals need to be reviewed by a manager senior than the one doing the appraisal to give it effect. When it comes to employees themselves, they may be subjected to self assessments to assist managers in extracting

Types of Literature Essay Example for Free

Types of Literature Essay 1) Novella A novella is the name given to a work that is longer than a short story, but too brief to be listed as a novel. Typically, most novellas can range from anywhere between 50 to 100 pages, though length can vary. Some literary critics characterize the maximum length of a novella to be 100,000 words. Today, the novella is rarely sold as an individual work. More frequently, several novellas are compiled into one book, or a novella will be grouped with a number of short stories by the same author. (Ex. John W. Campbell’s Who goes there? ) 2) Novel A novel is a fictional piece of prose usually written in a narrative style. Novels tell stories, which are typically defined as a series of events described in a sequence. The novel has been a part of human culture for over a thousand years, although its origins are somewhat debated. Regardless of how it began, the novel has risen to prominence and remained one of the most popular and treasured examples of human culture and writing. (Ex.Moby Dick by Herman Melville) 3) Poetry art of rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. (Ex. How to change a frog into a Prince by Anna Denise) 4) Drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action crisis and atmosphere designed to be acted by players on a stage before an audience. This definition may be applied to motion picture drama as well as to the traditional stage. (Ex. Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare) 5) Short Story are written works that are usually fiction. They are sometimes known as micro fiction or flash fiction, and they are exceptionally short pieces that tell a story in a brief amount of space and time. Most short short stories are shorter than 1500 words, and some are even as short as 500 words. It is exceptionally difficult to tell a complete story in such a short amount of space, so these types of stories can be quite a challenge for writers. Literary magazines and other websites or print publications will often print such stories to fill a small amount of space at press time. (Ex. The Clever Fox)

Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences Essay Electronic waste, popularly known as e-waste can be defined as electronic equipment or products connecting with power plug or batteries which have become obsolete due to advancement in technology, changes in fashion, style and status. E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their useful life (Hawari and Hassan, 2008). This includes discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the most emerging issues that has caught the attention of various parties including policy makers, non-governmental organization (NGO) and the general public globally. This growing concern is due to the ever increasing volume of e-waste being generated resulting in activities such as collecting, dismantling and disposal of e-waste that has caused environmental pollutions and adverse impact on public health (Rosnani, 2010). E-waste in Malaysia is being regulated under the Environmental Quality Act (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 that came into effect on 15 August 2005 (Rosnani, 2010). The inclusion of e-waste the 2005 regulation is to adequately control the management of these wastes generated in the country as well as to enable Malaysia to disallow importation of used electrical and electronic equipment either for refurbishment or recovery only for short term usage, following which equipment is disposed off. Today, it is frequently cheaper and more convenient to buy new machine to accommodate the newer generations of technology than it is to upgrade the old. Expanding e-waste especially mobile phone and computer in all kind of sectors causing the increasing of the quantity of e-waste. E-waste contains significant quantities of toxic waste. Each computer or television display monitor contains an average of 4-8 pounds of lead. Monitor glass contain about 20% lead by weight. About 70% of heavy materials like mercury and cadmium found in landfill come from electronic equipment discard (Hawari and Hassan, 2008). These heavy metals and other hazardous substances found in electronic can contaminate groundwater and pose other environmental and public health. Moreover, the health impacts of the mixtures and material combination in the products often are not known (Noraida, 2010). The production of semiconductors printed circuit board, disk drives and monitors used particularly hazardous chemical. Therefore, one of the objective of this study is to find out the applicable management of e-waste around the world and their effects to human health. There are various issues of concerns with regard to e-waste disposal and recycling. This research proposal overview the issues specifically related to the export for recycling. Particularly, it discusses documented effects on human health and the environment that have been tied to unsafe recycling practices in developing countries. It also provides an overview of various factors necessary to be understand why e-waste disposal has become a concern on each countries. Therefore, it is important to have a good e-waste management in order to ensure that it will not harm to human and environment. If we not do the recycling, these e-waste will be disposed off. There are several methods to dispose e-waste either landfill or incinerator or open burning. However, if we look at to it closely, all this method will give negative impacts to human and environment. Other than that, problem related to facilities and location of e-waste disposal is occurring. When we landfill the e-waste, it will contaminate groundwater. If we incinerate e-waste, it will produce hazardous smelt and left hazardous residue. If we recycle the e-waste, it will harm the recycle team. Lastly, we export the e-waste to other country (Noraida, 2010). Now, we have no choice and scientist today should do more research on these problem. E-waste management need to fulfill different objectives which go beyond pure technical implementation. Especially in developing countries and countries in transition, which a lacking legal and institutional framework, as well as missing infrastructure, e-waste management demands for a comprehensive and structural approach. This has been echoed by various international organizations and initiatives, including the United Nation Developing Organization (UNIDO), the United Nation Environment Programmed (UNEP), the Basel convention, the Solving the e-Waste Problem (StEP). Several development cooperation project adopted a three step approach.  [1]   Understand the current framework condition Developing a structured strategy in a multi-stakeholder approach Implementing the strategy through a roadmap with assigned responsibilities and a timeframe The research will give beneficial to all community. Government can either try to avoid all the methods that can give negative impacts or if not, just look for the better management we have around the world that also included in this proposal. It also can give public awareness for those concerns. . It is hoped that these research proposal will assist in the better understanding and management of e-waste and a prompt action can be taken by the government to improve what we have now before it is too late. Objective to find out the issues and challenges on developing and implementing e-waste management To find out the applicable management of e-waste around the world and their effects to human health. To study the recommended actions that can be taken to tackles the e-waste issues Literature review Examining E-waste Related Legislations and Regulations In its list of recommendations to combat illegal dumping of E-waste, the Basel Action Network (BAN) urges governments to pressure manufacturers to remove toxic chemicals from products as soon as possible. BAN also calls on strict enforcement of the Basel Convention  [2]  and lauds Australia for its efforts in that regard (Michael, 2012). Regarding issues in Australia, it requires full testing of electronic waste to certify that it complies with the Basel Convention before it is exported. The BAN report on dumping in Lagos calls the U.S. the worst actor among developed countries that perpetuate dumping of hazardous waste in developing nations. Other place, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection state that cathode ray tube no longer be accepted at transfer stations, landfills or landfill operators or a penalty of USD 25000 for each offense (Iswalah, 2008). Transboundary movement of hazardous waste is con-trolled by the Basel Convention, which entered into forcein 1992.  [3]   In Malaysia, government legislations have been introduce to control this situation. First under Environment Quality Act !974 Sect. 18(1). There are; E-Waste classified as Scheduled Waste and given the code of SW 110 E-Waste can only be handled by licensed contractors. Act enforced by Department of Environment. Enforcement-oriented rather than Facilitation-oriented. (PEWOG, 2009)  [4]   Second is under Public Cleansing and Solid Waste Management Act (2007), it state that all waste belongs to the government or its contractor (PEWOG, 2009). The question is the present of collection and processing activities illegal because all waste belongs to the government or its contractors. Then, confusion and uncertainty begin to float. Besides using the Environmental Quality Act (1974) to manage these wastes, the DOE is also using the Custom Order (Prohibiton of Import/Export) Order 2008 to control the importation and export of e waste (Ong, 2009). 2. Issues And Challenges On Developing And Implementing 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) There are several methods to manage all these e-waste materials. The most safe, encourage and cheapest is by 3R that are reduce, reuse and recycling. it can be summarized as follows (Hawari and Hassan, 2008) : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduce: attempt to reduce the amount of waste generated reduce/eliminate use of toxic substances like lead and mercury. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reuse: repeated use of items or parts of items which are still usable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recycle: use of waste itself as resource Since e-waste recycling is largely unregulated, accurate data regarding the end markets, both domestic and abroad, are not publicly available. Therefore, it is difficult to know how much e-waste that is collected for recycling is actually exported for processing (Linda, 2010). In the waste management hierarchy, 3R is high on the priority list and country analysis paper by Malaysia in one of its forum  [5]  state that Malaysia is capitalizing on technologies which are environmentally friendly, proven and cost effective to enhances its 3R programmers and activities in the country. The analysis paper also state that the construction, operation and maintenance of plants using such technologies involves high capital and cost. The banking sector is quite reluctant to provide the financial support especially when new technologies are involved. We still have weakness in recycling system around the world. The infrastructure like network of waste collection, transportation, and sorting activities is still being developed. Then proceed to the actual processing on the e-waste, if compared to recycling of paper, glass, and plastic, the process is more costly and expensive. Most local authorities in Malaysia did not have a sound financial resources to pay for all the new technologies carried out to treat and dispose the waste. Without the federal government intervention or commitment to provide the bridging finance, the introduction of environmentally friendly and modern technology will face an uphill task.  [6]   Then other problem on the situation when e-waste may be processed domestically after collection is also limited. A company that operates as a recycler may actually be a waste consolidator that sends the waste to another vendor. Those downstream vendors may separate the units for reuse, ship whole units abroad for processing, or process it domestically to some other uses (Linda, 2010). Good news is the electronics manufacturers are currently driven by various forces to make their products more easily recyclable and with fewer hazardous constituents.  [7]  Any future changes to electronic devices have no impact, however, on the hundreds of millions of devices currently in use or obsolete devices currently in storage (Linda, 2010). Eventually those devices will make their way to the disposal or recycling markets. Disposal (Incineration, Open Burning Or Landfilling) Incineration means destroy something especially waste material by burning. It is associated with a major risk of generating and dispersing contaminants and toxic substances (Mathias, 2010). The gases released during the burning and the residue ash is often toxic. Municipal solid waste (MSW) state that incineration plants have shown that copper, which is present in printed circuit boards and cables, act as catalyst for dioxin formation when flame retardants are incinerated (Gongkia, 2000). At this time incineration of toxic e-waste is taking place without much restriction around the world, especially in poorer countries. Incineration of electronic waste should be the last resort and should be at a minimum if not completely banned (April, 2010). Same goes to open burning which releases many pollutants into environment Since open fires burn at relatively low temperatures, they release many more smoke than in a controlled incineration process (Hawari and Hassan, 2010) When we landfill the e-waste, the problems comes by the leachate produces. It is often contains heavy metals and other toxic substances which can contaminate ground and water resources. Even state-of-the-art landfills which are sealed to prevent toxins from entering the ground are not completely tight in the long-term (Singh et al., 2012). Significant impacts from landfilling could be avoided by conditioning hazardous materials from e-waste separately and by landfilling only those fractions for which there are no further recycling possibilities and ensure that they are in state-of-the-art landfills that respect environmentally sound technical standards (Gongkia, 2000) Export In America, according to National Safety Council (1999), currently the cheapest e-waste recycling option in the US is to send e-waste overseas (McCarthy, 2002). According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), up to 80% of American recycle e-waste is exported to poorer countries. However , how it is used or disposed of there is largely unknown (McCarthy, 2002). Example in Guiyu  [8]  , China, the PCs and peripherals forming mountain and overflowing into streets, with its people making a living stripping away PC part with their bare hands. Ministry of environment in India showed no results concerning report of e-waste, but the ministry admits that a 100% controls of the borders is not possible. What complicate the problem is that computer waste, which does not have any resale or reuse value, is openly burnt or disposed off in landfills. Although it is difficult to know exactly how much e-waste collected for recycling is exported, it appears that India or developing countries in Asia or Africa are most likely to receive e-waste. In these area, children and adults are not wearing safety to dismantle the e-waste in order to sell salvageable items. The rest of the materials are burned or buried. In Ghana, China and India, many of the workers are children, maybe substantially exposed to these hazardous materials (Kevin, 2007)  [9]  . 3. Management of E-waste in Malaysia. Malaysia has been putting a lot of effort to eradicate this problem before it gets persistent and out of control. The Recycle PC campaign, spearheaded by the Association of the Computer and Multimedia Industry of Malaysia (PIKOM) and waste management company Alam Flora Sdn. Bhd  [10]  , is picking up steam since its launch in march 2005 (Vatis, 2005). This campaign aims to create environmental awareness by encouraging the public and organisations to recycle PCs and the peripherals. Between the period of March 10 and April 30, 2005, Alam Flora has collected 816 computers and peripherals. This includes 194 computer monitors, 147 central processing units (CPUs) 428 printers, and 47 miscellaneous PC components (Karim, 2005) Panasonic Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. is among the first corporations to answer the call to recycle when it handed over 60 used PCs and laptops to Alam Flora within a week from launching the PC recycling campaign. The Japanese technology giant also pledged to donate more PCs to the Recycle PC campaign each time its embarks on a PC upgrading exercise. Alam Flora has assigned collection points and recycling centers all over the country for people to drop off their old PCs (Hawari and Hassan, 2008). Malaysia is not a destination for others countries put their e-waste. The non-systematic exporting and disposal of e-waste will give threat to our environment. Because of that, Department of Environmental is undergoing a research on take back policy specifically for encourage the producer companies to take back the electric and electronic that do not want to be used anymore for being recycle or dispose in safety ways (Douglas, 2010). Scrap computer/ television/ mobile phone and other e-waste Free/ sell Scrap collector Middlemen/ junkshops Recycling centres 2nd hand item Disposal facility Sell e-waste recylers Pre-treatment (separation) Scrap plastics/ others Raw materials Main board Electronic component Export market/ reassembling Local market Re-furnish/ recondition recycling Figure 1 : Materials flows of e-waste in Malaysia (Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2005) Currently, there are 138 e-waste recovery facilities in Malaysia. 16 out of them are the full recovery facilities and the other are the partial recovery facilities (Rahman, 2008). The main technology employed to recover e-wastes in terms of precious metal in Malaysia is still limited to wet chemical processes and electrolysis. State Partial recovery facility Full recovery facility Johor 17 3 Kedah 12 1 Melaka 12 3 Negeri Sembilan 5 1 Perak 4 0 Pulau Pinang 37 6 Sarawak 5 0 Selangor 25 2 Wilayah persekutuan 5 0 Total 122 16 Grand total 138 Table 1 : distribution of e-waste recovery facilities in Malaysia. (Rahman, 2008) But some of them that do not going to recycle are required to be transported by licensed contractors and dispose off in the centralized scheduled waste treatment and disposal facility in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. (Theng, L. C., 2008)  [11]   The Bukit Nanas Waste Management Centre in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan, has the countrys sole landfill for hazardous waste. Here waste that has been treated, stabilized and packed in drums or durable plastic bags are buried in the landfill. 4. Effects On Environment And Human Health According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), more than 3.2 million tons of e-waste ended up in us landfills. European studies estimate that the volume of e-waste is rising by 3% to 5% per year, almost three times faster than municipal waste stream. Therefore, early action needs in order to tackle this problem before it is going up in our country. From Basel Action Network (BAN), estimate that the 500 million computers in the world contain 2.87 billion kilogram of plastics, 716.7 million kilogram of lead and 286700 kilogram of mercury. Table 2 shows some of the hazardous material that contain in the computer and their effects to human and the environment. Hazardous material Location Effects Lead Soldering of printed circuit boards and other electronic component Glass panels in computer monitors (cathode rays tube) Damage to the central and peripheral nervous system, blood system and kidney in human. effects to the endocrine system negative effects on the development of the brain in children have been well documented (Howell, 2001). Cadmium SMD chip resistors, infrared detectors and semiconductors. Possible risk of irreversible effects on human health (Howell, 2001). Easily be accumulated in amounts that cause symptoms of poisoning Mercury Batteries, switches/ housing, and printed wiring board. Causes chronic damage to the brain. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cabling and computer housing. Cause of dioxin  [12]  formation. Brominated Flame Retardant Printed circuit board act as endocrine disrupters cause an increased risk of cancer to the digestive and lymph systems reduce levels of the hormone thyroxin  [13]  in exposed animals. Table 2 : toxic chemicals contain and their effects (Hawari and Hassan, 2008). Various scientific observations indicate that polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) might act as endocrine disrupters. The levels of PBDEs in human breast milk are doubling every five years and this has prompted concern because of the effect of these chemicals in young animals (Howell, 2001) In addition, organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1993 state that hexavalent chromium also exists in some of e-waste. It can easily pass through membranes of cells. It causes strong allergic reactions even in small concentrations. Asthmatic bronchitis is another allergic reaction linked to chromium VI. Chromium VI may also cause DNA damage (Howell, 2001) The incineration, land-filling, and illegal dumping of electronic wastes all contribute toxic chemicals to the environment. Environmental impacts includes contamination of all local environmental media like soil, air, surface water and ground water. For example, the primary hazardous recycling operations in Guiyu involve; Metal recovery that involves in open burning of wires to obtain steel and copper, cathode ray tube cracking to obtain copper-laden yokes, disordering and burning of circuit boards to remove solder and chips, and acid stripping chips for gold. Plastic recycling through chipping and melting; and dumping of materials that cannot be further processed (such as leaded CRT glass and burned circuit boards) and residues from recycling operations such as ashes from open burn operations, spent acid baths, and sludges (Yan, et al, 2009). Children in Guiyu were found to have blood lead levels (BLL) that were significantly higher than those in the neighboring village. Elevated BLLs in Guiyu children were common as a result of exposure to lead contamination caused by primitive e-waste recycling activities (Xia, 2007). . Prevents Options To Tackle The E-wastes In this section, some actions that can be adopted are reviewed. Almost all of these actions have to be carried out simultaneously. Someof them are targeted to create a wider awareness amongst the end-users. Binding purchasing with take-back product responsibility The aim of extended producer responsibility is to encourage producers to prevent pollution and reduce resource and energy use in each stage of the product life cycle through changes in product design and process technology (Hawari and Hassan, 2008). Hence, the producers have a great deal of responsibility to take back their products and recycle them at the end of the products operational lives. It puts full financial responsibility on producers to set up collection, recycling and disposal systems. In Malaysia, suitable take scheme on e-waste will enhance the management of e-waste (Rahman, 2008). He state that Voluntary take back scheme of e-wastes has not been implemented widely by the producer/ importer of electronic and electrical equipment, hence a compulsory requirement of take back scheme through legislation is required. Campaign to increase awareness If E-waste causes problems, the first priority should be to reduce its generation. In this regard, consumers in exporting countries should change their lifestyles (Moriguchi et al, 2006) Other we can do by giving some reward to the public to encourage them involve in 3R and the reward is not necessary in kind of money (Iswalah, 2008). The end-user should contact the local or state government representatives, explain to them why he or she is concerned and ask them to get involved in developing solutions (Hawari and Hassan, 2008). By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organizations, and lower-income families can afford to use equipment that they otherwise could not afford (Hawari and Hassan, 2008). Swiss Association for the Information, Communication and Organizational Technologies (SWICO) system This system compared to other is one of the most best management of e-waste nowadays.The system considers material flows related to electronic equipment from the point where it becomes waste until the point where the fractions resulting from sorting, dismantling, recycling and disposal processes become secondary raw materials or are disposed of in a landfill (Doka, 2003). So, how its work? According to Muller and Esther (2009), Manual dismantling is the first step, more traditional way to separate hazardous materials from recyclable materials, and to generate recyclable materials from electronic waste. In a pre-sorting process, the incoming e-waste first is separated into the different categories. Then, mechanical dismantling, the typical components of it plant crushing units, shredders, magnetic separators and air separators. The exhaust gases are clean up in waste gas purification plants and the dust generated collected with dust filters. And for refining, it is included mechanical, thermal and chemical processes and typically performed for fractions such as batteries, ferrous and non-ferrous metal, recyclable plastic and printed boards. Methodology Most of the methodology of my research proposal is by doing library and internet research. It is important to get background information and to study the past research. It is also useful to make the literature review. I will go through some of the journals, articles, reports and projects there. To get better understanding, I will get some interviews with the workers at Department of Environtment (DOE) to get details data about how e-waste is managing in Malaysia and generally around the world.. I also will go for interview with Prof. Aghamuthu  [14]  (lecturer in UM) for his opinions. By using recorder, all the conversations and dialogues will be recorded. Survey is also useful to get the information. It will be distributed them to the workers that work in landfill site especially in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. The survey contain more on investigating their bodys health and to be related with the symptoms due to toxic discarded from e-waste. Site visit also involved in my methodology. It will take up to a fully day for me to see all the process. It is also to make sure that i will not left behind all the important information. Along the visit, camera will be used to take photos there to help me get a better analysis. Expected output There still a lot of issues that should be consider in managing the e-waste. . Work Plan The work plan start in week three and it takes about 11 weeks to finish it. Weeks Actions 3 Choose the title To make sure that the title is not to narrowed or broad, and to make sure it can be done on the time given. 4-7 Library and internet research By collected, take note, and borrows the materials from them before further analyse. 8-10 review and Analyse data Organize all the information into the structure of research proposal and relate the information of one reading to another. 11-13 Presentation work Prepare the slide that summarize the research proposal. 14 Submit report Do some repair on the lack and comment from presentation. Budget Estimated budget: Item Price (RM) Transportation for fuel and public transportation 100.00 Prints for surveys paper, and all the reading materials that cannot be borrowed. 20.00 Gift for interviewers 30.00 total 150.00

Criminals and Society: The Battle Between Reintegration and Recidivism

ABSTRACT: This research paper is focused on released convicts and the struggles they face to become active, progressive members of society. Sadly, these released offenders regularly face discrimination in their job searches, in attempts to secure housing for themselves and their families, and to be accepted by their communities. Without the right support structures in place upon their release, these former prisoners may very well fall back into lives of crime. Without a suitable place to stay, these released offenders may become recidivists, falling back into their familiar roles as law breakers, if only to provide the basic necessities for themselves and their families. Statistically, more than one third of released offenders end up back in jail within a year of their initial release. Through this study, I hoped to shed light on some of the main causes of criminal recidivism using Labeling Theory and Social Learning Theory. INTRODUCTION: More than 600,000 prisoners are released into the main population of the United States every year. Of that 600,000, 30 percent end up back behind bars within six months of their release, and 70 percent end up returning to jail within three years (Reisig, 409). Upon release, many criminals find that life on the outside is harder on them than it was when they were convicted, sentenced, and locked away. People who know them may become just as prejudiced as the interviewers and landlords who deny them the chance to earn a living or a place to stay. Through the continued use of labels like criminal, thug, crook, and felon, many released offenders feel ostracized and isolated. Their friends and families may turn their backs on them, taking away the few things they have left... ... database. MacKenzie, Doris Layton. (2006, May) Aftercare Following A Correctional Bootcamp May Reduce Recidivism. Criminology & Public Policy, 5(2), 359. Retrieved from Criminal Justice Periodicals Database. Visher, Christy A. (2006, May) Effective Reentry Programs. Criminology & Public Policy, 5(2), 299. Retrieved from Criminal Justice Periodicals Database. Listwan, Shelley J., Cullen, Francis T., Latessa, Edward J. (2006, December) How to Prevent Prisoner Re-entry Programs From Failing: Insights From Evidence-Based Corrections. Federal Probation, 70(3), 19. Retrieved from Criminal Justice Periodicals. Leighninger, L., & Popple, Phillip R. (1996). Social Work, Social Welfare, and American Society (3rd. ed.). Allyn and Bacon: Needham Heights, MA. Calhoun, C., Light, D., & Keller, S. (1989). Sociology (5th. ed.). Alfred A. Knopf: New York.

Choose college

Why did you choose to enroll In college and pursue your particular program of study? I decided to return to college to pursue my career as a dental assistant and have an improvement in my education. It seemed to be a step closer to achieving my professional and personal goals. Another reason was that I wanted to have a better education than Just a high school diploma. My ultimate goal is to be a provider and role model for my daughter Isabella.My next goal is to be dependent and to help my family financially. I know that when I finish my career I will have many more Job opportunities that I have now. My main reason for wanting to go to college is that I wanted to have a better life. I wasted a lot of time without studying anything, it was time for a major change. Not only made the decision to return to college for myself but also for my daughter Isabella, she deserves a better life. I'm tired of living paycheck to paycheck, Just making the minimum.Not everyone can go to college to de ter themselves, I am fortunate to have this opportunity to be a better person. Another reason why I decided to study in college is because my recent experience of finding a good Job, they only take seriously people, who have a college degree. I do not want to be working in restaurants as a waitress or other similar work, and barely having enough money to help my family financially. Getting my degree in Dental Assistant would greatly help to get a Job that I really like and have the desire to go every day.This decision to return to college was the best decision I have made in all time. I know it's a hard worktop achieve my goal, but with dedication I'll make it. So far, I like college. At the end of everything really will be worth it and I will become the person who I want to be. Choose college By Julia Why did you choose to enroll in college and pursue your particular program of study? But also for my daughter Isabella, she deserves a better life. I'm tired of living time. I know it 's a hard work to achieve my goal, but with dedication I'll make it. So

how to fail Essay

how to fail Essay how to fail Essay Learning Experiences The image which stuck out to me to was about a boy feeling the headstone of a relative. The good outcomes which involve learning experiences are wished upon at all times but sometimes do not occur. This boy is going to have a new learning experience after the horrible outcome of his relative. Depending on how close the boy was with the relative, the boy will have more emotional issues which he is going to have to learn to control either by himself or by a third party. However, this learning experience is going to be better for him because he now will learn how to respond from this situation which will most likely occur in the future. As a result, some values which will be taught during his learning experience are to be more independent, discovering a new identity, and knowing more of his emotional/mental psyche. Schools do a fantastic job of teaching you courses about subjects which will benefit you as an employee or a caregiver. One example would be accounting in which you could mak e your profession but at the same time, useful when doing your taxes. However, some of the most treasured values cannot be taught at school but through experience. Will Smith once said, â€Å"The things that have been most valuable to me I did not learn in school†. In this case, there are values being taught to this boy through the experience of his relative’s death. You cannot learn to discover a new identity and control his emotional/mental psyche at school but instead,

The Written Constitution essays

The Written Constitution essays The most important principle on which the founding of the American republic was based on is the written constitution. With the Constitution the elite society protected rights for every American that would secure and ensure our nations existence for hundreds of years. Our first form of government were the Articles of Confederation. Under the Articles of Confederation, the united states government was in a state of chaos. The Articles created a weak, almost nonexistent national government that was in complete control by the states. This newly formed government had neither executive or judicial branches, which meant that it lacked enforcement powers. There were three problems that existed under the Articles of Confederation that would spawn an act of change. First, the government could not protect property and other rights of the citizens. Second, the society created under the Articles of Confederation lacked a means of advancing commerce and interstate trade. Third, governmen t lacked the money and power to provide an adequate national defense. The decision to create a new system of government was in the best interest of all the people in America. In creating the Constitution there were many conflicting views of how the newly created government should function. Alexander Hamilton, wanted a strong central government in which a Senate and executive powers were chosen for life by indirect election, therefore creating an aristocracy. George Washington and Benjamin Franklin wanted a government based on separation of powers, and limited national authority. There were two plans proposed during the debates. One was the Virginia Plan, proposed by Edmund Randolph, the governor of Virginia. This plan would favor the large states, and would have a two house legislature. The lower house would be chosen by the American people, and the upper house would be elected by the by the lower house. The nominees would b e chosen by th...

Free Essays on Arguement That Socrates Does Believe In Athenian Gods

Back in Socrates’ day, it was easy to be charged with crimes. Some of those charges may have a good reason behind it, others may be indicted for a foolish reason. One of the charges brought against Socrates was that he did believe in the same gods as the city of Athens. The only reason Socrates found himself facing the jurors was that several people in Athens disliked him because he seemed to be wiser than they were and he was able to embarrass them. It did not matter whether the accusation was true or not. The only way for Socrates to be found innocent was for to make a convincing enough plea, or â€Å"apology†, to appease the members of the jury. Although the verdict found him to be guity, Socrates should have been found innocent on the charge that he did not believe in the same gods as the city of Athens because he makes several references to different gods, he insists that he believes in daimonia, and he explains how it is impossible for him to believe in daim onic gods and not other gods. Throughout his apology, Socrates often refers to several gods that others believe in and even swears his innocence to them. One of the first references he makes is when he explains that the reason he preaches his beliefs is because the gods wanted him to. Socrates makes it clear that he believes that he has to follow out the gods’ will when he says, â€Å"I have been ordered to practice this by the god, as I affirm, from divinations, and from dreams, and in every way that any divine allotment ever ordered a human being to practice anything at all† (86). By saying this, he shows his belief that the gods have a plan for every person and that what the gods want him to do is no worse from what they want others to do. This fact is easy for Socrates to prove because of what the Athenians believed. Because Socrates admitted that his path of life is really no different than the path of others, it shows that he believes the same gods that are... Free Essays on Arguement That Socrates Does Believe In Athenian Gods Free Essays on Arguement That Socrates Does Believe In Athenian Gods Back in Socrates’ day, it was easy to be charged with crimes. Some of those charges may have a good reason behind it, others may be indicted for a foolish reason. One of the charges brought against Socrates was that he did believe in the same gods as the city of Athens. The only reason Socrates found himself facing the jurors was that several people in Athens disliked him because he seemed to be wiser than they were and he was able to embarrass them. It did not matter whether the accusation was true or not. The only way for Socrates to be found innocent was for to make a convincing enough plea, or â€Å"apology†, to appease the members of the jury. Although the verdict found him to be guity, Socrates should have been found innocent on the charge that he did not believe in the same gods as the city of Athens because he makes several references to different gods, he insists that he believes in daimonia, and he explains how it is impossible for him to believe in daim onic gods and not other gods. Throughout his apology, Socrates often refers to several gods that others believe in and even swears his innocence to them. One of the first references he makes is when he explains that the reason he preaches his beliefs is because the gods wanted him to. Socrates makes it clear that he believes that he has to follow out the gods’ will when he says, â€Å"I have been ordered to practice this by the god, as I affirm, from divinations, and from dreams, and in every way that any divine allotment ever ordered a human being to practice anything at all† (86). By saying this, he shows his belief that the gods have a plan for every person and that what the gods want him to do is no worse from what they want others to do. This fact is easy for Socrates to prove because of what the Athenians believed. Because Socrates admitted that his path of life is really no different than the path of others, it shows that he believes the same gods that are...

Research about managing the lablour costs of food production Speech or Presentation

Research about managing the lablour costs of food production - Speech or Presentation Example It is important to note that a restaurant operating on a labor cost which is as low as 20 percent has a promising future. If levels of labor cost begin to rise, the company should begin to seek on ways of lowering lest it cause a sham to the business. During my work experience at Royal restaurant, if the restaurant made a total daily sales of $10 000, then it had to spend no more than $2 000 paying for labor. Although employees’ salaries which match the volume of sales may help ease the labor costs, key issues such as improvement of productivity at workplace and wise roster plan of employees yield marvelous results. While working at Royal star restaurant, it was a common rule that if the number of customers visiting the restaurant was below 200 per day, the daily sales were over $8000.This also meant that the hotel spends less than $1500 on labor cost. Rostering allowed the hotel to know the working hours of part time workers while comparing it with the sales made during the t ime. If for instance the sales reduce, the number of part time workers was reduced to cut the cost of labor. Other issues that help control labor costs include, cross-training employees, performing frequent staff audits and reviews, employing adequate employees among other measures. Championing Labor Cost Awareness This is normally calculated from the volume of sales made. Labor costs percentage can be calculated as follows: A restaurant that hopes to run successfully must seek to operate at a minimum labor cost percentage that is below 20 percent. At Royal Hotel for instance the labor cost was normally 10 to 16 percent. Cross-Training staff Employee training is vital in any business venture. It is therefore important to cross train employees and the business with a view of equipping workers with vast skills necessary in restaurant service. This is important because the management can schedule fewer workers to various sectors of the restaurant while still being in a position to achi eve same results in the level of production as well as service delivery standards. Cross training can be done by training prep cooks to perform food grilling, training hostess on the work done by the servers and busses to serve food. At Royal hotel, the receptionists were often taken to seminars on public relations and customer satisfaction. Superannuation and Retirement Superannuation is a way of gathering for the retirement of your employees. This is done by making contributions to the super funds of each employee. In Australia for instance, an average of 9% of the employee’s salary is paid into the employee’s super fund. At Royal Star restaurant, the fund is awarded upon retirement or demise of any staff. Conducting Frequent Staff Audits and Reviews The cost of labor depends on a large extent to improvement and level of productivity. Therefore, it is important to perform regular audits. This can be done by assessing the performance of employees. The assessment shoul d focus on working days and hours of employees. If found that a substantial amount of time is lost through long breaks or down time, a review should be done to adjust the time accordingly. Care must be taken to aid in proper communication among the employees in helping communicating concerns and ideas. An audit was done after every three months at Royal Hotel. Control Labor Cost With

The Reality of work cultures in the modern economy Essay

The Reality of work cultures in the modern economy - Essay Example However, it also has challenges hence one needs to carry out due diligence to overcome them. For instance, different corporate cultures affect the realization of the benefits, and this works for employees as well as the new organization. This paper will discuss the case of Rosenfeld and its acquisition of Cadbury. It will examine the traditional values of Cadbury and the ways they are different with Kraft. Cadbury was one of the largest and known companies producing chocolate and other creamy products in the UK. The company employed many workforces on permanent and contract in order to deliver services to the large consumer base (Rigby 2010 c). The company also outlined the values in which it related and expected its employees to adhere, and it was important in achieving competitive advantage. However, the company and its employees lost all these values upon its acquisition by Kraft (Marino 2010). It was a loss to the employees as their benefits and the work culture they enjoyed could no longer be guaranteed. One of the traditional values of Cadbury was adequate compensation for work done (Cadbury 2010). Employees were paid for their work without any problem, and this helped in boosting their morale when working. The payment for every worker based on the output and was assured of pay when time reached. This value was important to the traditional company only to be changed by Kraft since it could no longer pay the workforce leading to job loss (Eaglesham 2010). Secondly, Cadbury recognized the value of job security as all employees were guaranteed a job (Scott 2009 b). The company achieved this by opening many distribution and manufacturing centers across with hopes of employing many people and making them secure their jobs. Job security has proved to be an important factor and a motivator of employees’ performances (Beaudin 2010). However, Kraft does not share this value since they do not guarantee their employees permanent employment,

Group Setting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group Setting - Research Paper Example It discusses the different subjects in the study, their particular type of illness, and how willing they were to make changes in their lifestyles to cope with these particular afflictions. This study takes a look at homeless individuals who presented with co-occurring disorders of mental illness and substance abuse and some of the different ways that they can be assisted, what resources are available, and how to offer them specific types of support for these afflictions. There is an increasing concern of how best to deal with the members of the homeless population who suffer from mental illness, especially in light of the fact that it is often due to the severity of the mental illness that these individuals end up in a situation that results in becoming homeless in the first place. One possible method of addressing this issue of social concern is to take a group of concerned individuals, comprised of volunteers, doctors, therapists, and social workers who would all work together with these individuals to show them what resources are available to them and how they can best avail themselves of those resources. In the introductory phase of the group, the individuals that comprise the group, the doctors, therapists, social workers, and volunteers would all work together to determine the best target population to start with; a look at the different areas where the homeless congregate, as well as the types of people who make up this population would serve as a way to best address this goal. Once the target area has been determined, the group members would, through the use of their individual specialties, work with the members of the homeless population who suffer from mental illness, and based upon their affliction, determine the appropriate resources they would need in order to best meet the goal of improving the quality of life for the patients as well as working to get them back into

Relationships between climate and river flow in the Alps Essay

Relationships between climate and river flow in the Alps - Essay Example annual totals of river flow (discharge) in the Massa, which drains from Grosser Aletschgletscher, measured at Blatten-bei-Naters, for the same months ( x 106 m3 )(C). Annual totals of river flow in the Gornera, which drains from Gornergletscher, measured 0.75 km from the glacier terminus, for the months June through September( x 106 m3 )(D), and annual totals of precipitation (mm) between October (year-1) through May of the given year at Grà ¤chen (E), often called P10-5. Both of the glaciers are in tributary valleys of the upper Rhone basin in Kanton Wallis, Switzerland hence are likely to have had very much the same pattern of climatic events over the 30-year period. Hence, runoff from the two basins is likely to be strongly correlated. The Swiss Alps lie within Switzerland and the north is drained by Inn, Rhine and Rhone rivers, which empty into Black and Mediterranean seas whereas the south is drained by Ticno River, which empties into Adriatic Sea. The pattern for Gornera river flow is uniform over the 30 years period with the highest flow being at around 1993. The flow for river Massa is however not keeps changing at quite big margins over the period. Both rivers however have the highest flow at around the same period, which is in 1993. (5) Calculate the Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient between the two series. [Choose an empty cell on the spreadsheet – say G1 – and clickthere. In the text bar type = and then select CORREL from the drop down menu. Correlation coefficients are usually reported to two decimal places. Format cell number, decimal places 2, enters]. How well are the two series correlated? Are there any periods when the series are not moving in tandem? The Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient shows the correlation between two variables. (6) Summer discharge from glacierised basins is likely to fairly strongly influenced by energy availability for melting snow and ice. Plot the xyscattergrams

Can a well-supported public broadcast system still offer something of Essay

Can a well-supported public broadcast system still offer something of value Can content regulations begin to disentangle the m - Essay Example Such assumptions thrive on the notion that the promotion of the government agenda forms part of the policies of the public broadcast systems. However, case analyses have shown that public broadcast systems can still achieve a high degree of proficiency in delivering value in the ways that uphold professionalism and balance. Certain universal thresholds must be met in order for the public broadcast systems to achieve the element of objectivity and trust from the multiple stakeholders. Despite favorable policies and adequate funding, public broadcast systems have to engage with certain fundamentals that relate with the establishment of principles and attitudes that attune with the core values of media and broadcasting (Crook 54). The need to protect the truth and achieve objectivity in reporting enjoins these systems to bind their practices under certain obligations that cover the interests of all stakeholders. Impartial reporting requires the adoption of a range of policies that effec tively connect with the fundamentals of business as understood under the framework of change and development. Cases abound where public broadcast systems have resisted the pressure to conform into objects of manipulation by the government. Professionalism entails the upholding of the interest of the majority while still defending the rights of the minority. Well-supported public broadcast systems in parts of the world have played important roles in criticizing negative policies (Crook 19). These systems have demonstrated a capacity to keep checks on public systems despite the fact that they draw much of their financial support from such systems. For instance, public broadcast systems in the United States have been instrumental in providing critical analyses on matters of national importance. Such matters have included policies on homeland security, approaches adopted on the global war against terrorism, government policies on spending, and other factors that involve a range of issue s that connect with matters of national importance. In these roles, the broadcast systems have faulted the government on certain flaws in its approach. Such an approach to the practice of broadcasting restores balance, objectivity, impartiality, and professionalism in the field of practice. Public broadcast systems have provided forums for parties with varying perspective without regard to affiliations or stakes. Within the aspect of professionalism, including multiple parties in the determination of processes often aligns with the need to foster understanding and inclusivity across the board. Such strategies are meant to respond to the diverse nature of the society in ways that represent the interests of all. Such an approach offers value in the practices of the public broadcast systems in the sense that they avoid the temptation of sectional appeasement and deliberate misrepresentation of issues. In order to avoid the temptations of bias and prejudicial treatment, public broadcast systems should establish the margins of influence and cooperation in ways that protect the principles of professionalism and journalistic standards as understood within a universal scope. Content regulation plays an important role in determining the performance of the media in a variety of respects. Most significantly, regulating the content of media

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and Essay

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and the Oil Man by Bob Reis - Essay Example The study of the oceans has enabled the understanding of the global climates and the trending climatic concerns such as the global warming and the possible impacts on the ecosystem dynamics and the life supporting atmospheric portion i.e. the biosphere at large. The atmosphere and the biosphere are interrelated through the natural processes of evaporation, precipitation and the natural heat exchange processes. At a general broad prospect, oceanography is divided into the following branches: 1. Biological oceanography This refers to the study of the ecology of the marine ecosystems with regards to their surrounding ocean environment. Marine biologists study the life in the oceans (marine ecology) and as well as the total organic production in the seas and oceans. The marine life consists of the floating or weakly swimming organisms known as planktons and rapidly swimming organisms referred to as nektons. Marine oceanographers map the floors of oceans, analyze the problems of the shore lines, and study the deposits and other sediments of the ocean floor and rock layers of the earth’s crust. Biological oceanography therefore looks into the influence of the ocean’s physical, chemical and the geological characteristics on the marine ecology or ecosystems. 2. Chemical oceanography (Marine Chemistry) This is the study of the Chemistry underlying the ocean environment and the processes of its interactions with the atmosphere. Chemical oceanography is looks into the chemistry of seawater, the major salts it contains, and other trace elements found in the oceans. 3. Marine Geology ( Geological oceanography) This refers to the study of the geology of the ocean floor with regards to the paleoceanography and the plate tectonics. 4. Physical Oceanography (Marine Physics) This is the study of the physical processes of the oceans such as the mixing, waves, tides, ocean currents, water transparency density and temperature; as well as under water acoustics and sound transmission. In his book, The Eskimo and the Oil Man: The Battle at the Top of the World for America’s Future, Bob Reiss is particularly concerned with the Oil exploration strategy by the Shell Company on the North Arctic coast of Alaska, focusing on the potential threats to the Ocean, impact on the marine ecosystems and the Americans living within the neighborhood. This intertwines all the mentioned branches of oceanography with views on the related impacts to the ocean and its environs. Reiss describes offshore oil exploration, which generally involves operations beyond three miles from the shoreline. This exploration has been especially facilitated by the continuous recession of ice at the coast of Alaska due to the changes in weather and climate patterns, a region that has been for many years covered by ice. Amongst other challenges of offshore exploration is the control of the dynamic changes in the temperatures and pressures when drilling across the rock formations in their strata deep beneath the ocean that may result in to dangerous oil-well blowouts that emit a buoyant plume of oil, produced water and natural gas. The ice recession at Arctic is a concern of the oceanography which tries to look into the prospective repercussions of offshore oil drilling activities on to the local and global climate. It also tries to explain the possible impacts on the surrounding environment as the ice continue to disappear. This phenomenon has been occasioned by global

Relationships between climate and river flow in the Alps Essay

Relationships between climate and river flow in the Alps - Essay Example annual totals of river flow (discharge) in the Massa, which drains from Grosser Aletschgletscher, measured at Blatten-bei-Naters, for the same months ( x 106 m3 )(C). Annual totals of river flow in the Gornera, which drains from Gornergletscher, measured 0.75 km from the glacier terminus, for the months June through September( x 106 m3 )(D), and annual totals of precipitation (mm) between October (year-1) through May of the given year at Grà ¤chen (E), often called P10-5. Both of the glaciers are in tributary valleys of the upper Rhone basin in Kanton Wallis, Switzerland hence are likely to have had very much the same pattern of climatic events over the 30-year period. Hence, runoff from the two basins is likely to be strongly correlated. The Swiss Alps lie within Switzerland and the north is drained by Inn, Rhine and Rhone rivers, which empty into Black and Mediterranean seas whereas the south is drained by Ticno River, which empties into Adriatic Sea. The pattern for Gornera river flow is uniform over the 30 years period with the highest flow being at around 1993. The flow for river Massa is however not keeps changing at quite big margins over the period. Both rivers however have the highest flow at around the same period, which is in 1993. (5) Calculate the Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient between the two series. [Choose an empty cell on the spreadsheet – say G1 – and clickthere. In the text bar type = and then select CORREL from the drop down menu. Correlation coefficients are usually reported to two decimal places. Format cell number, decimal places 2, enters]. How well are the two series correlated? Are there any periods when the series are not moving in tandem? The Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient shows the correlation between two variables. (6) Summer discharge from glacierised basins is likely to fairly strongly influenced by energy availability for melting snow and ice. Plot the xyscattergrams

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and Essay

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and the Oil Man by Bob Reis - Essay Example The study of the oceans has enabled the understanding of the global climates and the trending climatic concerns such as the global warming and the possible impacts on the ecosystem dynamics and the life supporting atmospheric portion i.e. the biosphere at large. The atmosphere and the biosphere are interrelated through the natural processes of evaporation, precipitation and the natural heat exchange processes. At a general broad prospect, oceanography is divided into the following branches: 1. Biological oceanography This refers to the study of the ecology of the marine ecosystems with regards to their surrounding ocean environment. Marine biologists study the life in the oceans (marine ecology) and as well as the total organic production in the seas and oceans. The marine life consists of the floating or weakly swimming organisms known as planktons and rapidly swimming organisms referred to as nektons. Marine oceanographers map the floors of oceans, analyze the problems of the shore lines, and study the deposits and other sediments of the ocean floor and rock layers of the earth’s crust. Biological oceanography therefore looks into the influence of the ocean’s physical, chemical and the geological characteristics on the marine ecology or ecosystems. 2. Chemical oceanography (Marine Chemistry) This is the study of the Chemistry underlying the ocean environment and the processes of its interactions with the atmosphere. Chemical oceanography is looks into the chemistry of seawater, the major salts it contains, and other trace elements found in the oceans. 3. Marine Geology ( Geological oceanography) This refers to the study of the geology of the ocean floor with regards to the paleoceanography and the plate tectonics. 4. Physical Oceanography (Marine Physics) This is the study of the physical processes of the oceans such as the mixing, waves, tides, ocean currents, water transparency density and temperature; as well as under water acoustics and sound transmission. In his book, The Eskimo and the Oil Man: The Battle at the Top of the World for America’s Future, Bob Reiss is particularly concerned with the Oil exploration strategy by the Shell Company on the North Arctic coast of Alaska, focusing on the potential threats to the Ocean, impact on the marine ecosystems and the Americans living within the neighborhood. This intertwines all the mentioned branches of oceanography with views on the related impacts to the ocean and its environs. Reiss describes offshore oil exploration, which generally involves operations beyond three miles from the shoreline. This exploration has been especially facilitated by the continuous recession of ice at the coast of Alaska due to the changes in weather and climate patterns, a region that has been for many years covered by ice. Amongst other challenges of offshore exploration is the control of the dynamic changes in the temperatures and pressures when drilling across the rock formations in their strata deep beneath the ocean that may result in to dangerous oil-well blowouts that emit a buoyant plume of oil, produced water and natural gas. The ice recession at Arctic is a concern of the oceanography which tries to look into the prospective repercussions of offshore oil drilling activities on to the local and global climate. It also tries to explain the possible impacts on the surrounding environment as the ice continue to disappear. This phenomenon has been occasioned by global

Two Early Childhood Education Services in Your Community Essay Example for Free

Two Early Childhood Education Services in Your Community Essay Identify TWO early childhood education services in your community. Briefly explain their history and then compare and contrast their philosophies, educational goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. Kangaroo Kids education limited (KKEL) and Indian Montessori Foundation(IMF) are two organisations providing early childcare services in Mumbai, Maharashtra. W hile KKEL represents a more contemporary approach based on student-centric experiential learning processes, dynamic curriculum and stress-free environment that meet the ‘best practices’ and international standards of education (KangarooKids Education Ltd. [KKEL], n. d. ), the IMF, a long existing organization was setup with the vision of enabling children to reach their full potential through the principles of Montessori Education leading towards a more harmonious and peaceful world. (Indian Montessori Foundation. (IMF). n. d. ) The KKEL Vision as stated above, is to wholeheartedly serve children and make every learning moment a joyful, effective and meaningful one. Kangaroo Kids Education Ltd (KKEL) has brought about an alternate system of education which is a stark contrast to the widely prevalent ‘learn by rote’ methods of learning. The emphasis is on active learning and on providing a system that leads to the acquisition of both knowledge and skills. Today, KKEL supports 80 schools in India that are operating in 17 cities and has an international presence in Dubai and Maldives and is still growing rapidly. (KangarooKids Education Ltd. [KKEL], n. d. ) In contrast, the central principle in the Montessori Approach is that of using education as an aid to life. This approach comes from the fact that the principles of the Montessori Approach go hand in hand with the child’s own natural development stages. Montessori classrooms are referred to as prepared environments which provide children an atmosphere where they can choose the work they wish to pursue and allow them the freedom to develop at their own pace. In this work, the children are guided by a trained adult. The IMF aims to achieve the above goals by nurturing Montessori principles in schools, supporting AMI Montessori training, bringing together AMI Alumni, Promoting research and development of all aspects of Montessori Education and expanding the awareness of Montessori Principles in society. (Indian Montessori Foundation. [IMF]. n. d. ) The approaches of these organisations are perhaps most significantly different in terms of the philisophical underpinnings. W hile KKEL seems to derive from the experiential aspects largely contributing to the specific knowledge and skills the IMF instead relies on providing an understanding of universal principles of peace and harmony. Additionally their strategies seem starkly different, while IMF is focussed on engaging the community as a mode of sustaining, KKEl appears to be a promotion driven organisation. Finally and most crucially while their systems might seem quite different it would be fair to say that KKEL is perhaps an evolution of the IMF model, which while based on modern demands of cutting edge education solutions seems customised and contemporary but still aims to develop a child skills in manner broadly the same but specifically different. 1 BEd110C5: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – International 20110503 Namrata Sharma 2.

Importance Of FDI In Developing Malaysian Economic Growth

Importance Of FDI In Developing Malaysian Economic Growth The federation of Malaysia was formed in 1963, initially consisting of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. Due to internal political reasons, Singapore was asked to leave the federation in 1965 to become an independent state. Malaysia is separated into two regions namely the West and East Malaysia by the South China Sea. Malaysia is blessed with an abundance of natural resources such as gas, coal, petroleum and the humid tropical climate creates a great condition for plant growth such as palm oil and rubber. These raw materials are what contribute to the economy. Before the 1970s, Malaysia was previously a raw material producing economy that produced rubber, tin, etc that exported to the industrialised countries. Much later, petroleum and palm oil were also one of the raw materials being exported. However, since the 1970s a change has been noted in the development of the economy of being a more export-oriented manufacturing industry that produced textile, rubber products, electric and electronic goods etc. The government realised to increase GDP growth, the country had to shift from an export-oriented raw material producing economy into an export-oriented manufacturing economy. Not only will employment rise, but it will also benefit GDP growth and economic welfare. Importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) FDI is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. In other words, it is the establishment of a company by a foreign investor. To invest in Malaysia, it is required that 10% of the total equity in a resident company be held by the foreign investor. Generally there are two types of FDIs; outward-bound FDI and inward-bound FDI. An outward-bound FDI is when local capital is invested in foreign resources while an inward-bound FDI, the opposite of an outward-bound FDI is when foreign capital is invested in local resources. FDI is an important and effective way to stir up the economy as it is a major catalyst to development. This is because with the setting up of companies and factories, employment will rise. With foreign money being pumped into the economy to pay of wages and salaries to the employees, a multiplier effect will create an injection of several times that will cause a huge influx of foreign money. As more foreign money is being pumped into the local economy (assuming there are no outflows of money) GDP growth will soar that goes hand in hand with vision 2020 where Malaysia will achieve a developed nation status with a constant 8% growth rate every year. This will in turn, bring confidence into the economy, further generating more FDIs. As the economy is doing well, development will naturally take place to improve the quality of life. Furthermore, the acquisition of knowledge for the transfer of technology is a tremendous advantage for the country. As companies and factories are being set up, heavy machineries and sophisticated technology are being passed on to the local employees to operate the business. In order to work the technology, the local employees will then have to go for training. Thus the passing on down of knowledge and technology to the country is an integral part for developing countries to further improve itself on a global scale. Suitable Industries and Businesses Foreign Investors from China can consider venturing into the renewable energy sector. This is because, Malaysia have an ample supply of raw material and land availability for such investments. Furthermore, a company from the Hong Kong called Sun Bear Solar Ltd. has made the first move to venture into the renewable energy industry in Malaysia. This is a stepping stone for future FDI from China into this sector. Foreign investors from India can consider venturing into the IT industry of Malaysia. This is because Malaysia is fully equipped with high speed internet due to Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and thus this can facilitate with the FDI when they invest and set up companies in Malaysia. Foreign investors from the Middle East can consider venturing into the oil and gas industry. The Middle East is rich with an abundance of oil and gas and so is Malaysia. Investors from there have a high expertise in the field and thus, are suitable in venturing into this sector. It is highly recommended that the Middle East investors invest into the oil and gas industry to further enlarge the scale of production and thus earning billions to stimulate the economy. Strengths The political status in Malaysia isnt a huge concern to foreign investors as it is considered stable compared to neighbouring countries like Thailand. In Thailand, where street protests have escalated in recent years have kept foreign investors pending on their investment into the country due to national security. The political instability and unrest has caused a huge deterrence for the countrys FDI and thus, alternatives have been considered. Malaysia, south of Thailand is an option for the disturbed political atmosphere. With a stable political status in Malaysia, foreign investors can and will benefit from their investments into Malaysia. A strategic location between the East and the West, Malaysia is in the epicentre of the ASEAN countries. Investors from the Middle East, India and China will find that Malaysia is the gateway to the ASEAN market that is some 558.2 million people. Malaysia boasting a population of only 28 million will be the focal point of foreign investors as they can easily distribute their products to the neighbouring countries. Natural resources in Malaysia are in abundance. Natural gas, oil, petroleum and coal have been found along the coastal waters of the country. As such, Malaysia has kept a competitive edge to neighbouring countries as the price of fuel is remarkably lower than other ASEAN countries. This is an effective cost minimiser. Furthermore, raw materials such as rubber and palm oil are also found in abundance in the country. For those foreign investors who are planning to invest in these sectors will benefit as they will save on transportation cost as they can produce the industrialised goods in Malaysia rather than importing raw materials to their countries to produce the respective goods. Malaysia is a multicultural country where three main races namely the Malays, the Chinese and the Indians live harmoniously together. This has proven to be an advantage to foreign investors from China and India as they will have no problem communicating with the local employees as they can speak in the same language or dialect. This is definitely a strength compared to other ASEAN countries such as Thailand whose locals speak mostly Thai and the Indonesians, Bahasa Indonesia. Although instructions can be conferred through a medium, it is at the foreign investors best interest that they communicate directly with their employees. The labour market in Malaysia is fairly educated with a literacy rate of 87.4% (estimated by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, July 2002). With a higher literacy rate compared to other ASEAN countries such as Laos 76%, gives Malaysia the advantage of attracting FDI. Foreign investors will find it easier to communicate and to train the local employees to fit the demands of the job and thus, minimising the cost of training. Technology and transportation in Malaysia is considered better than many neighbouring countries. With proper tar roads and internationally-recognised ports, imports and exports can be done easily without having to worry about the lack of infrastructure. This will ensure FDI to invest in Malaysia as they will not have to worry or invest extra security towards their transportation of their goods. Furthermore with Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC), a high speed internet connection, FDI will be ensured that work in the resident country will not be restricted by communication troubles. Challenges One of the main challenges of attracting FDI to Malaysia is the Islamic image of the country. With the recent attacks on churches over the use of the word Allah by Christians in publications has deterred foreign investors from investing in Malaysia. Concerns are being raised by foreign investors as they fear a religious conflict would turn deadly.This is not a healthy thing for perceptions of Malaysia, Nicholas Jeffreys, president of the American Chambers of Commerce in Malaysia, told a business conference. As mentioned, the political status in Malaysia is considered stable compared to other ASEAN countries. However so, the recent formation of opposition party Pakatan Rakyat consisting of DAP, PAS and KEADILAN have proved to be a problem to the economy of Malaysia. During the recent general election, the opposition party garnered five states that were previously held by the main political party, Barisan Nasional. Politically shaken, both parties have been on each others throat, fighting for power. The political unrest in Malaysia has kept investors pending about investing in Malaysia as it is difficult to get both state and federal government to accommodate at the same time. In recent months, Malaysias currency has been steadily rising against the US dollar, Euro and the British Sterling. It is important to note that a strong currency is not what foreign investors want as more money will have to be forked out to buy Malaysias currency. Furthermore, a strong currency will mean labour cost will increase. This will be a setback for the economy as foreign investors will want to choose other ASEAN countries of lower currency for a lower labour cost such as Vietnam or Cambodia. A drop in GDP rate over the last few years is another reason why foreign investors are still pending with their investment into Malaysia. With a fall in growth rate, the economy will contract and thus, foreign investors will not be able to expand their business fully and this will deter foreigners from investing into Malaysia. Corporate taxation on profit has a huge impact on foreign investors wanting to invest into countries. Among ASEAN countries, Malaysia does not have the lowest corporate taxation rates and thus foreign investors may think twice about investing into Malaysia. Heavy competition from other ASEAN countries is also another deterrent for investors to invest in Malaysia. This is because, other neighbouring countries may lower corporate taxation rate in order to accommodate with the increasing FDIs. Furthermore, the other countries may design or propose better government policies to attract FDI into their respective countries. Vietnam, known as the second China has shown a remarkable performance in attracting FDI and is one of the fastest growing economies of the world, behind China. Thus, with a reputation of that, Malaysia will have to work harder to garner more support and FDI. Recommendations It is impossible to avoid the world to know about Malaysias image of being an Islamic country. However so, precautionary methods can be done to enhance the peaceful and harmonious relations in the country. Advertisement on a global scale to promote Malaysia as a symbol of racial and religion unity can improve Malaysias image. Political instability in Malaysia may not be a major issue; however, it is still a pressing matter that the federal government and the opposition are at constant loggerheads. Disagreement is bound to stir up situations hence; agreements must be made in order to ease the tension. The federal government and the opposition will have to come to an agreement to provide the best facilities and services to current and potential foreign investors. With both parties working hand in hand, foreign investors will have the confidence to want to invest in Malaysia. A strong currency deters investors from investing into Malaysia as total costs will increase. In order to remain competitive, Malaysia can and may revoke back to the pegged exchange rate against the USD where economy uncertainty can be abolished as investors will be certain that their current expenses will not increase or decrease readily. A falling GDP due to the recent economic recession is not something the government can change overnight. However, the government can encourage spending by lowering interest rates. This will cause a multiplier effect and stimulate the economy. Investors will then see a growth in GDP rate and invest in Malaysia. With public confidence, this will become a whole cycle. Heavy competition from other countries is due to attractive and lucrative deals made by the government to attract FDI. The Malaysia government can do the same by introducing attractive deals, low corporation tax, etc to attract FDI. Conclusion FDI is an important and effective way to stir up the economy as it is a major catalyst to development. There are many pros and cons to investing in Malaysia, pros being, political stability, strategic location, an abundance of natural resources and raw materials, a multicultural country, a high quality workforce, good transportation, while cons being, political instability, Islamic image, high currency, high corporate taxation and heavy competition. However so, recommendations have been made to minimize the challenges faced by foreign investors. Invest in Malaysia, and it shall invest in you.

Formulation Of A Theory :: Papers

Formulation Of A Theory The certain factors that influence the accuracy of estimation is mainly: Age, the time of day it is processed, gender and the style of the survey. The reason age has an affect on the accuracy of estimation, is because if the person is too young or too old the survey may not be reliable enough in order for it to be processed into a data collection sheet the reason being that they may not be suited to the imperial or metric measurement used in modern days. The young may not have learnt the imperial measures and the elderly may not be used to the correct terms. The effect, time has to getting good reliability is that the survey should be taken out at a convenient time of the day where food has been consumed properly and the people's minds are focused. The times which may be irrelevant to practice a survey is early in the morning or late at night where people may be tired. The gender may have a certain effect on the outcome of results because the males may differ in technical skills to females or it is possible that perhaps females are more capable of handling academical situations rather than males. The style of a survey may affect the result because if badly constructed questions are used, people will not answer the survey properly and will try to avoid them. An example of a badly constructed question is 'What is your age?'-This is personal. Many people will not want to answer. An example of a well constructed question is 'Which age group are you in? 0-20 21-30 31-50 etc. A questionnaire is usually put together to test a hypothesis. The hypothesis that will be used in this questionnaire is: 'Children will be able to estimate better than adults'. Method The data will be collected through a simple questionnaire. A stratified sample will be used. This is because in a stratified sample, the population that will be asked will be divided into

Comparing Romantic Opposition in Billy Budd, Bartleby the Scrivener and Artist of the Beautiful :: comparison compare contrast essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚   Herman Melville wrote some of the most widely read works in the history of literature during the late nineteenth century.   He has become a writer with whom the romantic era is associated and a man whose works have become a standard by which modern literature is judged.   One of his most well-known and widely studied short pieces of fiction is a story entitled, simply, Billy Budd.   In this short story, Melville tells the tale of Billy Budd, a somewhat out-of-place stuttering sailor who is too innocent for his own good.   This enchanting tale, while inevitably entertaining, holds beneath it many layers of interpretive depth and among these layers of interpretation, an idea that has been entertained in the literature of many other romantic writers.   Melville uses a literary technique of developing two characters that are complete opposites in all aspects and contrasting them throughout the narrative, thus allowing their own personalities to adverse ly compliment each other. Melville also uses this tactic in another well-known short story, Bartleby the Scrivener.   Much like Melville's two stories, another romantic writer, Nathaniel Hawthorne, uses this tactic in his short story, The Artist of the Beautiful when he creates two completely different characters who vie for the same woman's love.   Both writers use the contrary characters to represent the different facets of the human personality.  Ã‚   Using this idea and many others, these romantic writers, Melville and Hawthorne, created works with depth of meaning that were both interesting to read and even more intriguing to interpret.      In his short story, Billy Budd, Melville uses this romantically based idea of characteristic opposites in two of his main characters, Billy Budd and Claggart.   To give the comparison even more strength, Melville also puts these two characters in virtually opposing roles in the story.   Billy represents the good that is present in humans and Claggart represents the bad.   Similarly, Claggart takes on an intelligent persona while Billy appears to be a bit innocent and uneducated in the ways of the ship.   These two men are essentially at odds and appear to represent the dueling facets of the human conscience, the sort of angel and devil on the shoulder.   Claggart wishes to rid the ship of Billy and eventually, the captain of the ship is forced to hang Billy because of Claggart's malice.

Past, Present, and Future

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on my personal and professional growth during my Criminal Justice program of study at the University of Phoenix. The paper will reflect upon where I was before I began college at the University of Phoenix. Then I will evaluate the growth I experienced during my University of Phoenix program of study. To conclude, the paper will analyze the impact of completing the University of Phoenix bachelor's program on my current and future professional goals.I went to college for the first time right after high school and learned very quickly that I did not know why I was there. I attained a job, thinking I would return when I decided what I wanted to be. The second time I went to college, I was in my early thirties, and because of the daycare I had been providing in my home, decided I should pursue a degree in early education. By the time I finished my general education courses, I changed my mind. I no longer wanted a degree in early education, and did n ot know what degree I wanted.Once again I quit college with a decision to return, once I knew what I wanted to be when I grew up. Many years went by and during those years I worked different low-level low-pay jobs. I began working for State Farm in the call center of the claims department in 2003. Although this position was also a low-level, low-paying job, I was enjoying learning the process of insurance claims and wanted to pursue a different position within the claims department. My supervisor encouraged me to go back to college because a degree would make me more competitive for higher positions within the company.In the next couple years, I managed to receive a position in a different department, but still low level. I continued in this position for three years and during this time, I had interviewed for three positions that I did not receive because I lacked a degree. My supervisor again encouraged me to go back to college to acquire the problem-solving, written and oral commu nication skills I needed to advance within the company. My desire was to return to college but did not believe I could work full-time while going to college.I shared this reasoning with my coworker who told me about the University of Phoenix, so I contacted the school and made an appointment. University of Phoenix’s accelerated program was the answer I needed. Each course was five weeks and I would take one course at a time. A program of study was my next dilemma as I never decided on this in the past. I did have a desire to work in the Special Investigative Unit in the claims department, so I spoke with a claim representative within that department who had a degree in Criminal Justice, and my choice was made.The first class I took was GEN/300 Skills for Professional Development that helped me to understand a new way of learning. I was used to a traditional curriculum; study a textbook, then take a test. GEN/300 taught me the computer skills and the tools needed for this new way of learning. Instead of tests, I learned to write academic papers that illustrated that I understood the course information. My research skills were enhanced as I learned to go beyond the textbook and use the Internet to retrieve information needed for my assignments. I was also introduced to a learning team environment.The learning team taught me how to work with different personalities to accomplish the same goal (University of Phoenix, 2008). In SCI/362 Environmental Issues and Ethics, the learning team assignment was a case study. Each week the learning team worked on a specific part of the case study that would build up to the final presentation for week five. This style of learning enhanced my written and oral communication skills as I worked with the team. The learning team learned to use each other’s strengths to put the presentation together (University of Phoenix, 2008).The two core courses during my program of study that had the greatest effect on my potential employment are CJA/413 Ethics in Criminal Justice and CJA 423 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice. These two courses revealed to me that everyone does not perceive the world the same as I do. People who are from a different culture may have different ethics than I. This concept opened my understanding that I need to consider people’s cultures and ethics to communicate more successfully in professional settings.This is an essential tool that everyone needs to be successful in the business world (University of Phoenix, 2009). My college experience with the University of Phoenix has been challenging at times but rewarding. The most challenging was the learning teams. Each team I was on seemed to face the same problem, which was to meet outside the classroom. Team member’s schedules conflicted, which made it difficult to meet to work on the team assignment. I believe the classroom setting should include mandatory learning team meetings. The meetings should be at the beg inning or middle of the classroom time.When time is given for learning team meetings during class, my experience has been that the professor gives the time at the end of class, and this has not been productive. Most of the class members have worked all day, and they are tired, so either they leave class early or they are not productive in the meetings. Online courses at University of Phoenix should be more affordable to students. This would help during times in a student’s life when he or she cannot make it to class. For example, a mother may have a sick child and whereas a mom cannot attend a class, a mom with a sick child could still attend class if the class is online.Mom with a sick child is just one example of the many situations that come up in life that an online course would better serve the student than the classroom setting. As I discussed earlier in this paper, I work for State Farm in the Auto Claims Department and with my Bachelor’s degree in Criminal Just ice my goal is to attain a position within the Special Investigative Unit. This unit works claims that may be fraudulent. I am taking online claim courses that my company provides for employees seeking a position in the SIU department, and I will continue to take courses on diversity and ethics.Also I will seek a mentor within the department who can show me the correct steps I need to take as I move forward toward this goal. I am considering continuing my education to receive a Master’s degree in Criminal Justice. My goal with this degree is maybe later in life to be a college professor. I believe the future college will be primarily online, which will open many opportunities for professors to teach from anywhere at anytime. This paper reflected on my personal and professional growth during my Criminal Justice program of study at the University of Phoenix.I discussed where I was before I began college at the University of Phoenix and evaluated the growth I experienced during my University of Phoenix program of study. In conclusion, I analyzed the impact of completing the University of Phoenix bachelor's program on my current and future professional goals.Reference University of Phoenix (2008). Program credits. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/Program/Credits/Program University of Phoenix (2009). Program credits. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/Program/Credits/Program

Econometrics Project

Personal Consumption Expenditures, Personal Income, and CPI 1980 – 2011 April 24, 2010 Abstract The goal of this paper is to estimate the relationship between personal consumption and personal income among all Americans over the past 30 years. The data includes annual records for the four variables between the years 1980 and 2011. I have analyzed this data using the Ordinary Least Squares Method and ran a regression analysis in order to observe the relationship between my variables.In my model, I have used Real Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) as my independent variable, while the dependent variable is Real Disposable Personal Income Per-Capita. As well, I included two explanatory variables in my model which are the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and a Coincident Index. The model finds a positive relationship between personal consumption expenditures and personal income. It also shows that inflation is positively related to the independent variable of personal consumption.H owever the model demonstrates that there is an insignificant relationship between personal consumption and the Coincident Index. We can conclude that personal income has an effect on personal consumption and that there is a positive correlation between these two variables. Therefore, in general, we can assume according to this model that as personal income increases, personal consumption also increases. 1. Introduction Our economy is an ever-changing system that is affected by an infinite number of factors. Some of these factors include personal consumption, personal income, and inflation.I have chosen to look at how these factors may influence one another within the American economy. More specifically, I have chosen to research the influence of income, inflation, and the Coincidence Index on Americans’ consumption expenditures. I believe that individuals’ consumption expenditures may vary based on two main factors: A change in these individuals’ income and a ch ange in inflation. Many believe that as income increases, people will have more and will therefore spend more money and consume more.Some research suggests that larger household wealth is associated with higher personal consumption (Slacalek, 2009). In terms of inflation, some theories suggest that as prices rise and rates of inflation create uncertainty for the future, people will lower their consumption expenditures (Springer, 1977). However, since prices are higher, the total Personal Consumption Expenditures may still increase along with inflation. 2. Theory and Hypothesis In March, 2011, personal income increased by 0. 5 percent, while personal consumption expenditures for Americans increased by 0. 6 percent (Cohen, 2011).Based on this information, it can be concluded that the percentage increases for these variables increased nearly proportionately. I believe that this is not just a coincidence and that these variables actually share a relationship. Although this data is only for one month of one year, I hypothesize that this relationship would stay true if these statistics were to be taken over a period of several years. I believe that as Real Disposable Personal Income Per-Capita increases and individuals make more money, that people will spend more and consume more, meaning that PCE would increase.Since people would be making more money I expect that since they are more capable of spending money that they will indeed spend and consume more. I also theorize that CPI will have an effect on personal consumption. CPI, which is an indication of inflation, is an increase in prices in an economy relative to the money available in that economy. Since inflation means that you must pay more for the same goods, I hypothesize that as inflation increases, and prices rise, people will spend less, and therefore PCE will decrease. I also theorized that as the Coincident Index increases, PCE would also increase.This is because I believe that if the Coincident Index, w hich describes current economic conditions, goes up, then people will consume more while economic conditions are better. 3. Empirical Model and Data Using a multiple regression model, I estimated the relationship among my time-series data in order to learn more about my hypotheses. C = ? 0 + ? 1 *RDPI + ? 2*CPI + ? 3*CI C = -3. 540 + 3. 339(RDPI) +6. 888(CPI) +2. 315(CI) + ei Where: C= Personal Consumption Expenditures RDPI= Real Disposable Income: Per-Capita CPI= Consumer Price Index (Inflation) CI= Coincident IndexUsing Tinn-R, I came up with the following results. The Coefficients for this model are as follows: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) -3. 540e+03 3. 383e+02 -10. 466 3. 49e-11 *** RDPI 3. 339e-01 3. 903e-02 8. 555 2. 68e-09 *** CPI 6. 888e+00 3. 061e+00 2. 250 0. 0325 * CI 2. 315e+00 4. 713e+00 0. 491 0. 6271 As can be observed through these results, the t-values for both RDPI and CPI are greater than |1. 96|. Therefore, both of these variables are statist ically significant and consequently have an effect on Personal Consumption Expenditures.However, the t-value for the coincident index is not statistically significant, which means that we cannot conclude that it affects consumption. It can be assumed through this regression model that as personal income increases by 1 unit, consumption increases by 3. 339 units. As well, as PCE increases by one unit it can be assumed that PCE will increase by 6. 888 units. Therefore, I can conclude that my hypotheses regarding the relationship between consumption and income and consumption and inflation are accurate according to me regression model. However, these results may vary if other factors were to be considered in my model.As well, the results may be slightly off due to including the insignificant factor, the coincidence index. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, I have found the majority of my hypotheses to be true. I have found that both Personal Income and Inflation have an effect on Personal Co nsumption Expenditures and that both income and inflation have a positive relationship with consumption. However, based on my model, the Coincident Index does not share a relationship with PCE. I believe that this hypothesis of mine may be incorrect because the economic conditions of an conomy may not play a significant enough role on individuals’ consumption expenditures in order for this model to show that a relationship exists. Further research would need to be conducted in order for me to examine this relationship more closely. For example, other factors such as personal saving may influence personal consumption as well. In order to gather more clear and accurate results in the future, I would conduct more models, using more economic variables related to consumption in order to see what other potential factors may influence Personal Consumption Expenditures.References * Amadeo, Kimberly. â€Å"How Inflation Affects Your Life – The Impact of Inflation on Prices and Treasury Bonds. † US Economy and Business – US Economic Indicators – US Economic News. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012.